Proper sample preparation is a critical step in achieving accurate and reliable results in dynamic image analysis

This technique relies on capturing high quality images of particles in motion to determine size, shape, and other morphological characteristics

Even state-of-the-art imaging equipment can yield false results if sample preparation is neglected

The first and most fundamental practice is ensuring representative sampling

The goal is to obtain a subsample that faithfully represents the heterogeneity of the total particle ensemble, regardless of physical state

Do not rely on isolated samples taken from one spot or moment; adopt structured, multi-point sampling strategies that address natural variability

Once the sample is collected, homogenization becomes essential

For dry powders, this often involves gentle mixing or tumbling to eliminate segregation caused by differences in particle size, density, or shape

For suspensions, vigorous but non-destructive agitation prior to analysis helps prevent settling and ensures uniform distribution

Excessive force during mixing must be avoided, as it may break fragile particles or distort their original shape

Selecting the right suspension fluid is critical to obtaining high-fidelity dynamic image data

The suitability of the liquid medium is paramount for successful wet analysis

The medium should be chemically inert to the particles, have suitable viscosity to allow natural motion without excessive drag, and be transparent to the imaging system’s light source

Surfactants or dispersing agents may be necessary to minimize agglomeration, but their concentration must be carefully optimized

Insufficient amounts lead to particle aggregation, whereas excess induces frothing, gas entrapment, or unnatural particle behavior

Bubbles frequently mimic particles and distort size and count data

They can be mistaken for particles, especially when they are small and spherical

Pre-treatment should include vacuum degassing or resting periods post-mixing to permit air release

Fill the flow chamber with minimal turbulence, and opt for vacuum or ultrasonic deaeration if bubbles persist

Filling the flow cell must be done consistently and without introducing disturbances

Always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for flow rate and sample volume

Too high a flow rate can cause particles to collide or deform, while too low a rate may lead to sedimentation or insufficient particle concentration for statistically meaningful data

A well-tuned flow produces smooth, non-turbulent motion with isolated, randomly oriented particles crossing the field of view

Calibration of the system should always be performed with certified reference materials that closely match the expected particle size and material properties of your sample

It serves a dual purpose: confirming measurement integrity and detecting preparation-induced distortion

Thorough cleaning of all fluid-contact components is mandatory between runs to prevent carryover

Leftover particles may skew results by contaminating new samples

Maintain comprehensive records covering sample origin, solvent identity, dilution level, mixing duration, 粒子形状測定 and all additives

This level of traceability is essential for reproducibility and for troubleshooting if results are inconsistent

When comparing results across batches or labs, standardized protocols ensure that differences in outcomes reflect true material variations rather than methodological discrepancies

Technical proficiency is indispensable

Instrument precision is meaningless without competent operation

Training must go beyond checklist compliance to include conceptual understanding

Regular audits and blind sample testing can help maintain high standards and identify areas for improvement

Sample preparation is the foundational determinant of analytical success

By focusing on representative sampling, proper homogenization, appropriate dispersion media, bubble elimination, controlled flow conditions, rigorous cleaning, and detailed documentation, analysts can significantly enhance the validity and reliability of their results

Reliability stems from procedural uniformity, precision in execution, and deep insight into particle dynamics